• http://www.python.org/
• Python (programming language)
• http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Python_Programming

• Python 3.4.2 documentation https://docs.python.org/3.4/index.html
• Python 2.7.9 documentation https://docs.python.org/2/index.html

• Python tutorial http://zetcode.com/lang/python/
• Python Quick Reference (Richard Gruet's Python page) http://rgruet.free.fr/

• A Byte Of Python http://www.swaroopch.com/notes/python/
  This book is targeted for beginners.
• Dive Into Python http://www.diveintopython.net/
  This is free book for experienced python programmers.

• https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide
• https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/NonProgrammers
• 80+ Best Free Python Tutorials, eBooks & PDF To Learn Programming Online http://www.fromdev.com/2014/03/python-tutorials-resources.html

GUI in Python? wxPython?
I've used both wxPython and PyQt for simple apps. I started with wxPython because the documentation made it very easy to learn.
If you're new to programming GUI's or you just need to get stuff done quickly the wxPython Examples are amazing. The wiki also has a lot of examples, tutorials and how-to's. The PyQt documentation is much less satisfying for beginners in my opinion - it's light on examples and how-to's and heavy on API documentation.

http://www.reddit.com/r/Python/comments/1p1gjf/gui_in_python_wxpython/

https://www.python.org/downloads/

# coding: utf-8
or
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# comment1 one line

# comment multiple lines
'''
print "comment 1"
print "comment 2"
'''

import math

# Python2
print 'Hello world'
print 'hoge', 'moge', 'fuga'
print >>sys.stderr, 'nurupo'    #standard error

# Python3
print('Hello world')
print('hoge', 'moge', 'fuga')
print('nurupo', file=sys.stderr)    #standard error

raw_input()
input()

a = 1
a = 'hoge'

num = 1
num = 3.14
num = 1 + 1j

num = 1 + 1    # 2 
num = 1 - 1    # 0
num = 1 * 2    # 2
num = 5 / 2    # 2
num = 5.0 / 2  # 2.5
num = 5 % 2    # 1
num = 2 ** 3   # 8

a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
for n in a:
    print n

a1 = a[0]    #1

d = {'RHEL': 6.5, 'Windows': 7, 'iOS': 8}

d1 = d['RHEL']

for k, v in d.items():
    print k, v

for k in d.keys():
    print k, d[k]

for v in d.values():
    print v

for k, v in d.iteritems():
    print k, v          

if lines is not None:
    print 'true'

if condition:
    print 'true'
else:
    print 'false'

if condition1:
    print 'if1'
elif condition2:
    print 'if2'

i = 0
while i < 5:
    i += 1

for i in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]:
    print i

i=1
while i <= 0:
    i += 1
else:
    print 'else'

i=1
while i:
    i += 1
    if i>10:
        break
else:
    print 'else'

for i in ['hoge', 'moge', 'fuga']:
    print i
else:
    print 'else'

def add1(num1, num2):
    return num1 + num2

lambda

add2 = lambda x, y: x + y
add2(1, 2) # 3

orig = open('orig.txt')
copy = open('copy.txt', 'w')
for line in orig:
    copy.write(line)

orig.close()
copy.close()

import sys
 
argvs = sys.argv  # list
argc = len(argvs) # number of args

print argvs
print argc
print argvs[1]