Linux Commands#File, Directory
NAME tree - list contents of directories in a tree-like format. OPTIONS -a All files are printed. By default tree does not print hidden files (those beginning with a dot ‘.’). -p Print the protections for each file (as per ls -l). -D Print the date of the last modification time for the file listed. -u Print the username, or UID # if no username is available, of the file. -g Print the group name, or GID # if no group name is available, of the file. -d List directories only. -I pattern Do not list those files that match the wild-card pattern.
# tree -Dpuga /etc |more /etc |-- [-rw------- root root Apr 23 2014] .pwd.lock |-- [-rw-r--r-- root root Jul 22 2011] DIR_COLORS |-- [-rw-r--r-- root root Jul 22 2011] DIR_COLORS.xterm |-- [drwxr-xr-x root root Apr 23 2014] NetworkManager | |-- [drwxr-xr-x root root Jul 22 2011] VPN | |-- [drwxr-xr-x root root Jul 22 2011] dispatcher.d | `-- [-rw-r--r-- root root Jul 22 2011] nm-system-settings.conf |-- [drwxr-xr-x root root Apr 23 2014] X11 | |-- [-rw-r--r-- root root May 24 2008] Xmodmap | |-- [-rw-r--r-- root root May 24 2008] Xresources | |-- [drwxr-xr-x root root May 11 2011] applnk | |-- [drwxr-xr-x root root Apr 23 2014] fs | | `-- [-rw-r--r-- root root Apr 23 2014] config | |-- [-rwxr-xr-x root root Aug 19 2011] prefdm | |-- [drwxr-xr-x root root May 11 2011] serverconfig | |-- [drwxr-xr-x root root May 11 2011] sysconfig | |-- [drwxr-xr-x root root Apr 23 2014] twm | | `-- [-rw-r--r-- root root Jan 7 2007] system.twmrc | |-- [drwxr-xr-x root root Apr 23 2014] xinit (abbr)
$ tree -a -I '.git' . |-- README.md |-- bin | `-- .gitkeep |-- conf | |-- httpd | |-- named | `-- os |-- deb | `-- .gitkeep |-- fabfile | |-- __init__.py | |-- auth.py | |-- check.py | |-- get.py | |-- httpd.py
find /usr/local/apache2/htdocs -type f | wc -l
# rsync -avz --delete /etc/ /etc.bk # tree -Dpuga /etc/ > /tmp/tree1 # tree -Dpuga /etc.bk/ > /tmp/tree2 # diff /tmp/tree1 /tmp/tree2
# tree -Dpuga /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/ > /tmp/tree.out # tree -Dpuga /tmp/htdocs/ | diff - /tmp/tree.out